Deer are covered with parasites, inside and out. In fact, a cooperative study of southeastern wildlife diseases conducted on wild white-tailed deer in Natchez, Mississippi, found an average of 3,988 different parasites per deer. This parasite is a protozoan (single-celled animal) that has a two-stage life cycle involving deer and their predators. Deer accidentally consume protozoa while eating or drinking.
The parasite migrates to the muscles, where it develops and forms visible cysts (seen in this photo of the muscles in the back room of a deer). If canine or feline predators consume this muscle, the next stage of the parasite develops harmlessly in their digestive tracts before returning to the environment, where deer can find it. One species of this parasite infects ducks and is known among waterfowl as “rice breast disease” because the cysts in the breast muscle look like rice grains. Nasal robots are tiny white worm-like parasites that can be found in the nostrils and often in the throat.
These are often found when the hunter is cleaning the deer. Worms are actually fly larvae, the adult fly will lay eggs around the mouth or nose of the deer, the egg sac is soluble in water and when the deer licks the egg sac, it can move towards the opening of the mouth or nose. The eggs hatch and the larvae move into the nasal passage. When the larvae are ready to pupate (become adults), they leave the deer and become adults in the soil.
The adult fly will emerge from the ground and begin reprocessing. Most deer in East Texas have them and do not cause harm to deer, they pose no threat to the health of the hunter through the consumption of deer from an animal with nasal robots. The NDA has long been known for providing its members and followers with the latest research and information on deer. The shedding of hooves in caught deer is evidence that an animal survived the disease; the good news is that the meat of these animals is safe for human consumption.
The ability of professionals to monitor and evaluate the health of deer in both live and shot deer is important for two reasons: the production of venison as a food product and the reporting of notifiable diseases. There are lice flies (or “keds”) that are often confused with ticks that live on the skin of deer, and there are several species of lice that inhabit the fur of deer. However, deer that live in unsanitary conditions, where there are too many deer for the habitat to sustain, tend to harbor more parasites, because their weakened state of health makes them less able to combat the invasion. While parasitic infections and deer diseases are unlikely to directly affect deer management activities, early diagnosis and prevention of infections by professionals can play an important role in treating infections, especially those with implications for human health or production.
I've seen hunters refuse to touch their deer again after seeing a worm from a nasal robot emerge on the skinning pole, and some wanted to throw away the whole deer without sparing meat. Later, another stage of life emerges from snails and climbs through aquatic vegetation, where it waits for a deer to eat the plant and complete the cycle. Maintaining healthy wild deer populations is important for deer well-being, as well as for reducing the potential risk of disease transmission to humans, livestock and other wildlife species. Combined blood loss from intense tick and bite fly infestations (mosquitoes and horse flies) can be a problem for adult deer during the summer.
Treating diseases with veterinary drugs is generally not recommended and there are a number of legal obligations that must be met if wild deer are to be medicated. Mortality rates are typically less than 15 percent in the south, where deer have been exposed for decades. It's already deer season and I get a lot of calls or questions about things people notice about the white-tailed deer they just harvested. Deer hunters can help minimize parasite problems by simply maintaining a balance between the number of deer and the nutrition available.
It is one of the main problems related to the legal and illegal movements of deer and elk in captivity, since this parasite can enter new areas and affect populations of wild deer, elk and moose, as well as some species of domestic livestock. Like liver trematodes, meningeal worms rely on snails and slugs for part of their life cycle, except that deer must eat accidentally infected snails or slugs while navigating the forage to become infected. . .
